The development length for a _______ bar generally will be shorter than that for a _______ bar.

Determine the epoxy modification factor, ψe, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 24 in., three epoxy-coated No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

At cracks in reinforced concrete, the stress in the reinforcing steel is _______ and the stress in the concrete is _______.

Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to determine the development length for the straight tension bars (no hooks) in a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 24 in., four epoxy-coated No. 8 Grade 60 bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 4,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 21 in., five epoxy-coated No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 6,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

Actual bond stresses vary from point to point between cracks.

Compute φVn for the cross section shown. Assume f’c = 6,500 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b = 12 in., d = 25 in., and that there are four No. 6 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 8 in. o.c.

Determine the lightweight modification factor, λ, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., four galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 20 in., five galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 40 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

What type of reinforcement is frequently used in bridge decks and parking garages to reduce corrosion problems?