Instructions The R Markdown file / Jupyter Notebook file includes the questions, the empty code chunk sections for your code, and the text blocks for your responses. Answer the questions below by completing the R Markdown file / Jupyter Notebook file. You must answer the questions using one of these files. You may make slight adjustments to get the file to knit/convert but otherwise keep the formatting the same. Once you’ve finished answering the questions, submit your responses in a single knitted/converted HTML file. There are 21 questions divided among 8 sections. The number of points for each question is provided. Partial credit may be given if your code is correct but your conclusion is incorrect or vice versa. Next Steps: Save the .Rmd/.ipynb file in your R working directory – the same directory where you will download the “brooklyn_bridge_bike_counts.csv” and “white_wine_quality.csv” data files into. Having all files in the same directory will help in reading the “brooklyn_bridge_bike_counts.csv” and “white_wine_quality.csv” files. Read the question and create the R code necessary within the code chunk section immediately below each question. Knitting this file will generate the output and insert it into the section below the code chunk. Type your answer to the questions in the text block provided immediately after the response prompt. Once you’ve finished answering all questions, knit this file and submit the knitted file as HTML on Canvas. Example Question Format: (8a) This will be the exam question – each question is already copied from Canvas and inserted into individual text blocks below, you do not need to copy/paste the questions from the online Canvas exam. # Example code chunk area. Enter your code below the comment and between the “`{r} and “` Response to question (8a)This is the section where you type your written answer to the question. Depending on the question asked, your typed response may be a number, a list of variables, a few sentences, or a combination of these elements.  Data  brooklyn_bridge_bike_counts.csv (right-click the link and select to open in new window/tab) white_wine_quality.csv (right-click the link and select to open in new window/tab) Submission Templates        You may use either the R Markdown or Jupyter Notebook Starter Template:  6414_Final_Part2_Submission_Summer2021.Rmd     (right-click the link and select to open in new window/tab) 6414_Final_Part2_Submission_Summer2021.ipynb   (right-click the link and select to open in new window/tab) Ready? Let’s begin. We wish you the best of luck!

2.9 A territory with its own institutions and populations is known as a state. (1)

2.2 Stock markets are an example of cultural globalization. (1)

You want to examine the relationship between study time and score on exams for the final exam in the Regression Analysis course. You create five exams and recruit 50 participants. For each participant in your study, you record their study time and grades on each of those five exams. If you were to use all the data you recorded to build a simple linear regression model, you would violate the independence assumption.

1.5 The increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries is referred to as (1) A) Ballot   B) Justice system   C) Election   D) Globalisation  

For Poisson regression, the Wald test for statistical significance would still be reliable even if the sample size is very small.   

2.5 Hybrid dictatorships are when the military exerts complete control over the authority of the country. (1)

2.10 In a democracy the majority wins so policies may discriminate against the minority groups. (1)

1.2 Moving power from national governments to regions so that they have more control. (1) A) Decentralisation   B) Centralisation   C) Globalisation   D) Dispersion  

When we use logistic regression for classification, the training risk is an unbiased estimate for the (true) classification error rate.