A 55-year-old female with breast cancer is found to have cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).  What is the primary consequence of EMT in cancer progression? 

Where do B cells develop and mature? 

A newborn presents with asymmetry in gluteal folds during a well-baby exam. The Ortolani maneuver elicits a palpable “clunk.” Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 45-year-old male presents with lower back pain radiating down his left leg. He reports numbness and weakness in his left foot. MRI reveals a herniated disc at the L4-L5 level.  What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? 

A 40-year-old female with a fractured ankle has been in a cast for 8 weeks. She now experiences muscle weakness and stiffness in her lower leg.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

A 50-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the most likely consequence of this mutation? 

A 35-year-old male presents with knee pain and swelling after twisting his knee while playing soccer. He reports a sensation of the knee “locking” and “giving way.” Physical examination reveals joint line tenderness and a positive McMurray test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with a tissue injury is being treated for acute inflammation. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events that occur during this process? 

A patient with a bacterial infection shows an increased number of neutrophils at the site of infection. What process is responsible for this increase? 

A 20-year-old male presents with severe shoulder pain and deformity after falling on an outstretched arm. Physical examination reveals a prominent acromion and loss of the normal shoulder contour.  What is the most likely diagnosis?