Although the human genome contains only ~25,000 genes, our immune system can generate BCRs and TCRs that can recognize at least 1012 different antigens.  How is this possible?

Following hurricanes, people can be at risk of contracting                , due to contact with water that may be contaminated by rat urine.

Being given a COVID-19 vaccine would generate

A transposon is

Which of the following is not a commercially important fermentation product?

Which of the following antibody types can trigger allergic reactions by causing mast cells to degranulate?

In addition to playing a role in cell-mediated immunity, MHC molecules play roles in

                , endemic to Africa and Asia and transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, now causes disease in Southern Europe most likely due to climate change.  Its chief symptoms include fever, headache, and severe arthralgia (joint pain) which can last for months to years after other symptoms are gone.

Griffith infected mice with a combination of dead smooth and live rough bacterial strains.  What was the outcome, and why did it occur?

One of the dangers with attenuated vaccines (eg., the smallpox vaccine) is that they