What event led to the overhaul of the spoils system and civil service reform in the 1880s? 

Which funding source makes up the single largest source of funding for all campaigns?

Please acknowledge the following: NO study aids were used in my testing environment including but not limited to phones, tablets, alternative devices, headphones, books, notes, or study partners. No app of any kind was used.  No artifical intelligence (AI) of any kind was used.  No online chatting during the exam occurrred between myself and another classmate.  I will not discuss the questions or the answers to the exam with any other person.

A social psychologist conducted a study on martial satisfaction.  In their study, the researcher found a negative relationship between the criticizing their partner and their score on a known marital satisfaction survey.  Because one of these measures was a behavior, which type of validity would be most important for the researcher to assess?

At least every 10 years, states redistrict their U.S. House (and state legislature) districts. Drawing those districts strategically to benefit one political party is called what?

Name and describe a foreign policy DOCTRINE. Which president/s utilized it? What does it entail? What effects has it had? 

Who benefits the most from U.S. social policy? 

In a factorial design, a Main Effect is the effect of the

THIS IS EXTRA CREDIT, WRITE AS MUCH OR AS LITTLE AS YOU WOULD LIKE  Name and describe a step in the policy-making process. How does it work? What can go wrong?

READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO TO ANSWER THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS.  Researchers asked high school students if they previously had musical training and then administered an intelligence (IQ) test to each student the same day. Students who had musical training scored higher on the intelligence test than did students who had no musical training. The researchers conclude that giving children musical training will cause an increase in intelligence.