A woman presents for care stating she has pain in her right…

A woman presents for care stating she has pain in her right lower abdomen, is 3 weeks late for her menstrual period, and is having vaginal spotting for the last 2 days. Based on her history, you order a pregnancy test. In addition, which of the following takes immediate management priority?

I want to know if cocaine or amphetamine is more reinforcing…

I want to know if cocaine or amphetamine is more reinforcing. To answer this question, I conduct an experiment to see how hard rats will work for each drug. I initially make the rats press a lever 10 times for the drug, and then gradually increase the number of lever presses needed to obtain the drug. The drug for which rats will continue to work harder is the most reinforcing drug. What is this an example of?