Wave summation occurs when muscle fibers are stimulated before they have had a chance to completely relax.

BONUS QUESTION: What are two things you learned this semester that I didn’t ask you on the final? You can earn up to two bonus points.

When you drink coffee, caffeine binds to the places where the ligand adenosine normally binds. When adenosine can’t bind where it normally does, your brain doesn’t receive a signal of drowsiness, so you stay alert. What is caffeine acting as?

_____________ cells have no nucleus or other organelles. They contain a nucleoid region, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. Examples of these types of cells include bacteria and Archaea.

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the body at a given time.

Which of the following images shows an accurate depiction of two water molecules bonded to each other with a hydrogen bond?

Atherosclerosis would cause a decrease in peripheral resistance.

Provide ONE common type of membrane receptor.

As it applies to neurophysiology, the term frequency refers to __________.

Which of the following modalities will induce an olfactory receptor potential of the largest amplitude?