In an information system, data is information that has been transformed into input that is valuable to users.​

​Systems developers use joint application development (JAD) whenever group input and interaction are not desired, because it is linked to a specific development methodology.

​In a(n) _____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

​A continuous risk-tracking process can _____.

System software consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they require.​

​The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which should include all except _____.

A(n) _____ shows the data that flows in and out of system processes.​

​Joint application development (JAD) provides a fast-track approach to a full spectrum of system development tasks, including planning, design, construction, and implementation.

​_____ are the benefits that can be measured in dollars.

​If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should _____.