The doctrine of parens patriae supports the idea that the state may assume a parental role when dealing with delinquent youth.

Social engineering attacks exploit technological weaknesses while avoiding human interaction whenever possible.

Predictive policing relies on statistical analysis and large data sets to identify locations or circumstances in which crime is more likely to occur.

The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 reduced penalties for drug offenses and weakened the federal government’s anti-drug efforts.

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own culture or social group is inherently superior to others.

Classification systems are used to assign offenders to appropriate custody levels based on factors such as dangerousness, offense type, and escape risk.

Cyberterrorism involves the use of computers, networks, and related technologies to facilitate or carry out terrorist activities.

The Controlled Substances Act established five schedules for classifying drugs according to abuse potential and accepted medical use.

Research on adolescent development suggests that juveniles generally possess the same level of self-regulation and future-oriented decision-making ability as adults.

The Pennsylvania System emphasized rehabilitation through solitary confinement and reflection, whereas the Auburn System relied on congregate labor conducted under conditions of silence.