Suppose you have designed a double-stranded RNA to knock down a gene, gene Z. The phenotype of the RNAi-treated cells is the same as the phenotype of the gene Z null mutation. Which of the following is targeted by the dsRNA?

Which of the following genes are NOT expressed in abundance during lysogenic growth phase of bacteriophage λ?

Which of the following is NOT true of the regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes?

Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with DNA in an extract that you have prepared?

Some DNA-binding proteins can induce bends or kinks in their target DNA.

The ___________ assay permits us to detect proteins that interact through non-covalent interactions. This assay uses multiple plasmids and a reporter gene.

Which of the following will NOT result from site-specific recombination?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a riboswitch?

32P-end-labeled DNA fragment contains the AP-1–binding site sequence. The DNA was mixed with Fos, FosC (a fragment of Fos), or Jun (all of which would form a homodimer), or with a mixture of Fos and Jun or a mixture of FosC and Jun (both of which would form the two types of homodimer and the heterodimer). Reactions were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, then autoradiography.  The results are shown below.   This technique is called:

The presence of two copies of the X-chromosome in females but only one in males poses a potential problem for regulation of gene expression: everything else being equal, the higher copy number of the X-linked genes can lead to an imbalanced overproduction of their products in females compared to males. Organisms have evolved different ______  mechanisms to solve this problem. In mammals, for example, the almost complete inactivation of one of the X chromosomes provides the solution to the dosage problem.