Peter Allam, 18 years old, pleaded no contest to a charge of possession of marijuana by a person under the age of 19.  Peter was found, along with three of his friends, at a park with marijuana.  Allam was arrested under an Alaska state law which made it a crime for 18 year-old people to possess marijuana, while people over the age of 18 could possess up to four ounces of marijuana and people under the age of 18 were handled by the juvenile justice system.  If Mr. Allam challenges his conviction, which of the following standards will the court use to review his conviction?

Peter Allam, 18 years old, pleaded no contest to a charge of possession of marijuana by a person under the age of 19.  Peter was found, along with three of his friends, at a park with marijuana.  Allam was arrested under an Alaska state law which made it a crime for 18 year-old people to possess marijuana, while people over the age of 18 could possess up to four ounces of marijuana and people under the age of 18 were handled by the juvenile justice system.  If Mr. Allam challenges his conviction, which of the following standards will the court use to review his conviction?

A test of whether a law is unconstitutional due to ex post facto is:

Which of the following statements best describes prima facie unconstitutional:

Which of the following statements best describes prima facie unconstitutional:

Bob moved in with his girlfriend, Susan, and her three small children, Tommy, Sarah, and Tony.  Weeks after moving in, Bob noticed bruises on Tony’s legs and arms.  He asked Susan about the bruises but she denied knowing anything about them.  About one year later, Tony died from blunt force trauma to the head, caused by being repeatedly beaten by Susan.  If there was no record of Bob contacting the police or child protective services, can Bob be held criminally liable for the death of Tony?

Chris is driving on a deserted road when he sees an overturned vehicle on the side of the road.  He slows his car and sees his former girlfriend, Beth, in the car and screaming for help.  Chris, still mad at Beth, refuses to help her from the car and drives away.  Moments later, the car explodes killing Beth. Can Chris be held criminally liable for the death of Beth? 

In general, the American Bystander Rule allows criminal liability for people who choose not to act when observing a criminal act.

In general, the American Bystander Rule allows criminal liability for people who choose not to act when observing a criminal act.

Federal criminal law can apply to the following: