Select аll the wоrds in the sentence belоw thаt belоng to functionаl categories, lexical categories. A very tall tree can cast a surprisingly small shadow.
1. we knоw thаt а sentence cоnsists оf (аt least) a subject and a predicate, that subjects are (usually) noun phrases, and predicates are often verb phrases. We might express this as a rule, known as a phrase structure rule. (1) S → NP VP This rule says that wherever you have an S (a sentence), it is possible for that S to be made up of an NP (noun phrase) followed by a VP (a verb phrase). What do the two phrase structure rules in (2) mean? (hint: A subscript “n” indicates that that element can be repeated any number of times). Please give an example from English for each phrase structure ruleCan you think of any counter-examples from English or non-English that can not be described by the phrase structure rules? (2) NP → (Det) (Num) (Adj)n N (PP)n S → (AdvP) NP (Aux) (Neg) VP (AdvP) PP → (Deg) P (NP) VP → (AdvP) V (NP) (NP/PP) (AdvP)n AdvP → (DegP) Adv (PP) AdjP → (DegP) Adj (PP) 2. In Module 1, we saw cases of structural ambiguity in morphology, cases where the same string of morphemes can have more than one structure, with each structure corresponding to a different interpretation. The same thing is found in syntax. Consider the following example: (1) I saw someone with a telescope. What are the possible interpretations of (1)? How do these interpretations come from different structures?