A field experiment of Reno, Cialdini, and Kallgren (1993) ha…
A field experiment of Reno, Cialdini, and Kallgren (1993) had a 3 (confederate’s action: simply walked past people, littered a fast-food bag, picked up a fast-food that someone else had littered) x 2 (environment: clean vs. littered) design. People found a flyer on the windshield of their cars. The environment had the largest impact on people’s behavior if the confederate enacted a(n) descriptive norm by _____.