Choose two essays. (5 pts. each – total 10 pts). You may cho…
Choose two essays. (5 pts. each – total 10 pts). You may choose one extra essay from either part 2 or part 3 to complete as a bonus. Mark it as bonus **.A. The production of ATP is necessary for life. If ATP production decreases, cells and organs fail. List the four pathways used for ATP production for aerobic respiration. List the name of the pathway, where in the cell it occurs, the reactants, and products for each. (1.25 each pathway)B. The enzymes that work in the stomach require a very low pH to function. This low pH could be very damaging to the stomach tissue. Answer the following questions: 1.) Describe the mechanism by which the stomach secretes acid and achieves a pH of 2.0.How does it make HCl? (1) 2.) What stimuli control the secretion of acid in the stomach? List 1 hormone and 1 neurotransmitter/other chemical/factor that increases production of stomach acid. (1) 3.) How is the stomach itself protected by the very acidic conditions that are present? Briefly describe 2 mechanisms. (1) 4.) What is one pharmacological treatment that can be used to decrease the acidity of the stomach? Give the type (or name) of the medicine and describe its mechanism.(2) C. The large intestine has several important functions for the digestive system. It also contains a vast amount of bacteria – both friendly and pathogenic. Describe (don’t just list) 3 functions of the large intestine.(3) What are the bacterial flora – what functions do they have?(list 2) (1) Describe one factor that could allow the pathogenic bacteria to increase and cause problems in the large intestine.(1) D. Factors that maintain body weight are very complex. An individual’s TMR is important for calorie burning. What is the TMR? What factors increase it (list 2)?(1) Appetite is controlled by nutrient levels, chemicals, hormones, genetics, and temperature. Choose 4 chemicals or hormones and describe their effect on appetite. (4)