What material provided Harriet Beecher Stowe with the basis…

Questions

Whаt mаteriаl prоvided Harriet Beecher Stоwe with the basis fоr her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)?

Answer 10 оf the 15 shоrt-аnswer questiоns below. In eаch Answer Box, you MUST specify which question you аre answering (e.g., write "#1:" before your answer). Explain the following scenario in terms of Fixed Action Patterns and Central Pattern Generators: Dragonflies deposit their eggs in ponds or stagnant bodies of water. While walking back to your car on a hot day, you notice two dragonflies tapping their abdomens onto the roof of a car that appears to be particularly reflective.  Explain Tinbergen’s four levels of analysis (often referred to as “Tinbergen’s four questions). Then, provide two hypotheses that fulfill two of Tinbergen’s questions to explain the existence of an animal behavior that interests you. What are the three variables used in optimal foraging theory (OFT)? Describe how constraints from predators could alter the predictions of OFT. When a new lion takes over a lion pride, they sometimes kill the cubs already there (called “infanticide”). How might this trait be evolutionarily advantageous?  Use Hamilton’s Rule to explain the evolution of altruism. Provide two examples (real or hypothetical) to demonstrate when altruism should and should not evolve. Briefly explain two hypotheses behind stotting in gazelles. To find support each hypothesis, how would you expect solitary animals or animals in a group to behave? Describe three of the main characteristics found in eusocial insects. What genetic structure is hypothesized to underlie eusociality in some cases? Consider the following observation: Dr. Clarke is studying the diets of American crows, which are omnivores. Many of these crows forage in dumpsters because of the excess of available resources. One evening, she notices that two of the birds are using small twigs to pull leftover food pieces out of plastic containers whose opening are too small for the crow’s beaks to penetrate. Put this observation in the context of a scientific investigation into whether this behavior constitutes an adaptation. Begin with a research question and proceed through hypothesis, prediction, test, and conclusion. Explain the two mating strategies for male horseshoe crabs (this mating system is also used by a diversity of animals) and explain the evidence for how they can coexist. Lastly, explain how males and females can benefit from either strategy. The Prisoner’s Dilemma assumes a one-time interaction between individuals, but this is not always the case. Explain whether altruism is more likely to evolve under single or repeated interactions in the context of the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Then, explain two strategies that might evolve under these types of interactions. Explain the concept of “The Selfish Herd” and use an example (the example can be from the book or lecture, but doesn’t need to be). You have a black widow spider living in the corner of your porch. Her web consists of single strands of silk that connect to the floor to capture prey and a dense tangle of silk in the corner where the spider hides. One night, you notice a wasp flying around her web trying to grab her, but she retreats and survives. The next night, her web has fewer prey capture webs and a much thicker tangled wall of silk around her retreat. Provide one proximate and one ultimate explanation for this change in behavior. Explain the concept of animal personalities. Draw or explain two graphs to represent cases where animals do or do not exhibit personalities. What is the difference between animal personalities and behavioral syndromes?  While scuba diving on a barrier reef around an island, you notice that coral-eating parrotfish on the northern part of the island seem to be feeding solely on hard staghorn corals. On the southern part of the island, the parrotfish seem to specialize on soft corals. How could you determine whether genetic or environmental factors influence the observed behavioral differences? Explain two benefits and two costs of group living.