Guadalupe has been in an abusive relationship for 12 years….
Guadalupe has been in an abusive relationship for 12 years. Her husband frequently hits her, often after little or no provocation. Guadalupe has been enduring this violence for so long that she has come to believe that she probably deserves the beatings. Her best friend has seen the bruises and has told her to leave her husband, but Guadalupe believes that leaving would be futile. Guadalupe could be said to be experiencing which of these?