A 13-year-old male with a history of oppositional defiant di…
A 13-year-old male with a history of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is brought to the clinic for worsening academic performance and frequent disciplinary referrals. The mother reports that he has recently been caught stealing from classmates and has been suspended for initiating a fight. The nurse notes difficulty with sustained attention, irritability, and deflection of responsibility. Based on current evidence, which interpretation best describes the prognostic implications of this presentation?