The country of Fruitland produces 2 goods: Oranges and Pears…

Questions

The cоuntry оf Fruitlаnd prоduces 2 goods: Orаnges аnd Pears, both consumed by its citizens. The following table shows the prices and quantities for these goods in 2021 and 2022. Year Price of Oranges Quantity of Oranges Price of Pears Quantity of Pears 2021 $1 5 $1 4 2022 $2 6 $3 1 What is Real GDP in 2022 (base year: 2021)?

Flex Pаss (this might be the best pаrt оf the syllаbus)! I have fоund that prоviding “flex passes” is the best approach to accommodate the reality that you juggle competing responsibilities, with school being just one of them. I provide you with two “flex passes” for flexibility during particularly demanding weeks. A flex pass allows an assignment to be handed in within two days of the original due date (Tuesdays by 11:59 pm) without losing points. Notifying me that you are using a flex pass is unnecessary. Just be sure to keep track of when you use them.   My Use of AI As I updated and revised this syllabus for Fall 2025, ChatGPT was used to help improve clarity and readability. I used ChatGPT to reformat Canvas pages as it provided me with a relatively quick way to modernize the look of my course.  I may use it to rewrite my own comments on your assignments to make them clearer or friendlier, but all feedback will still reflect my own evaluation of your work. I do not use it to assign grades to your assignments.   Use of AI Prohibited on Assignments The purpose of this course is to teach you how to think critically about research methods—skills that extend far beyond this class. The ability to question assumptions, analyze evidence, and construct sound arguments is essential not only in academic work but in any professional, civic, or personal context where reasoning matters. Delegating that thinking to AI defeats the purpose of the course. The process of grappling with complex ideas, experiencing confusion, and reflection is not just part of learning; it is learning. Delegating that thinking to AI defeats the purpose of the course.   Using generative AI tools (such as ChatGPT, Grammarly’s AI tool, Claude, and Google Gemini) to complete any part of assignments in this course is strictly forbidden unless I specifically indicate that you can use them.  All submitted work must be your own original ideas, analysis, and writing. Any use of AI, including for writing, paraphrasing, or editing, will be considered academic misconduct and result in a grade of zero for the assignment.    As AI detectors are neither a valid nor reliable measure of authorship, they will not be used.  I will use the following indicators of AI use in making a determination:   Writing styles that are inconsistent with earlier work submitted by the student. Generic, overly polished, or abstract language that avoids specifics of class materials, prompts, or readings. Factual errors.  Be aware that AI may fabricate information not found in the assigned article. For example, AI will report that a variable was measured in a way that could have been possible, but did not appear in the article. Responses that fail to directly answer the question or misinterpret basic terms in the course. Vague, repetitive, or inflated wording that adds little substance. Highly structured, formulaic responses that a typically found in AI-generated writing (e.g., “In conclusion…” without any supporting analysis). Inconsistent depth of thought, where some answers demonstrate far more sophistication than others. Metadata or file artifacts (such as hidden editing history, telltale formatting, and or mismatching fonts) indicating AI drafting tools.   Grading Criteria Grades are assigned based on the total points accumulated on the measures listed above. I do not use “minuses” in my course, but I do award “pluses” to encourage you to strive to achieve your best. S/U grades are allowed in this course. An incomplete grade will only be awarded in unforeseen circumstances. An “I” grade may be awarded only when a small portion of your work is incomplete and only when you are otherwise earning a passing grade. The time limit for removing the “I” may not exceed two academic semesters, whether you are in residence and/or graduate, whichever comes first.   Grade Percentages A 90%-100%   B+ 87%-89% B 80%-86%   C+ 77%-79% C 70%-76%   D+ 67%-69% D 60%-66% F below 60%   Feedback I will provide in-depth feedback on each of your weekly assignments. Most weeks, I will have your assignments returned by Wednesday at noon. Email me if you need your assignment graded early any given week, and I will put your paper at the top of the pile!   Exam Policy There will be two exams (due by Sunday, October 12, and by Sunday, December 7, at 11:59 pm).  MAKEUP EXAMS will be provided only if there is an unforeseeable emergency, and you contact me before the start of the exam. The reason for missing the exam will be evaluated, and documentation