(02.01, 02.06 HC)After the 1990 census, а new cоngressiоnаl district wаs drawn in Nоrth Carolina to reflect population changes. District 12 was redrawn in a strange shape that connected different Black population centers. The plan was challenged in the federal courts as racial gerrymandering,In Easley v. Cromartie (2001), the Supreme Court decided the state's new district did not violate the Constitution because the motivation for the district was political representation for Democratic candidates, as opposed to racial concentration. The majority opinion stated, "The General Assembly had a legitimate interest in creating a district where black voters could elect a representative of their choice without regard to the political motivation…"Respond to all parts of the question. In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Shaw v. Reno (1993) and Easley v. Cromartie (2001). Explain how the facts in Shaw v. Reno and Easley v. Cromartie resulted in different holdings. Explain how the decision in Easley v. Cromartie could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states.