A 56-year-old male patient with history of uncontrolled Hype…
A 56-year-old male patient with history of uncontrolled Hypertension presents to the Emergency Department complaining of coughing, difficulty breathing, and physical exam reveals crackles throughout all lung fields. Vital signs showed: Temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 115/min, blood pressure is 120/72 mmHg, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. The patient is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF). How does the diagnosis of heart failure cause shortness of breath?