A 6-year-old boy is incidentally found to have a horseshoe k…
A 6-year-old boy is incidentally found to have a horseshoe kidney on abdominal US performed after evaluation for abdominal pain. He is currently asymptomatic. Blood pressure and kidney function are within normal limits. The provider explains that although many patients remain asymptomatic, there is a higher risk of urinary obstruction, infection, and chronic kidney disease compared with the general population. What monitoring recommendations should be provided to the patient and his parents?