A New York–based brand and customer loyalty and engagement r…
A New York–based brand and customer loyalty and engagement research consulting firm called UpBrand conducts research annually to identify the top 100 brands with the highest levels of customer loyalty. Amazon, Google, Apple, and Costco regularly lead the pack and demonstrate that consumers are enjoying long-term engagement with these companies. The top companies’ ability to generate high levels of customer loyalty demonstrates these firms are engaging in which of the following?