TYPE YOUR ANSWER TO ESSAY QUESTION 3 HERE

Question about the reading: Complete the following list with information from the reading. Put the two points in the space below. (2 points) Tropical rainforests do three important things for the earth: They absorb carbon and release oxygen. They ______________________________________________________. They ______________________________________________________.

Question about the reading: Visualizing: Look at the descriptions of the creatures under the “Amazing Animals” segment of the reading. What are the two creatures mentioned that make loud sounds in the rain forest? (1 point)

TYPE YOUR ANSWER TO ESSAY QUESTION 4 HERE

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS QUESTION 1: The Road to Democracy: Negotiated Settlement and Government of National Unity Key Question:  Because of the upsurge of violence during the negotiating period, there were various debates on who was to blame for the violence.  How did political leadership and compromise manage to get the negotiations back on track by the end of 1993?   Right-click on the button to see the sources in a new tab. Refer to Source 1A  1.1.1  According to the source, list 3 agreements that were negotiated and decided upon at the Pretoria Minute. (3×1) (3) 1.1.2  Quote a line from the source which states that the armed struggle had only come to an end indefinitely. (1×2) (2)  1.1.3  Explain why Nelson Mandela became more and more frustrated with the negotiating process, especially after the decisions that were made at the Pretoria Minute. (2×2)  (4)  1.1.4 Explain why many people believed that the police were fomenting (stirring up) the violence. (2×2) (4)       Refer to Source 1B   1.2.1 Define who the central figure in the cartoon is (1×1) (1) 1.2.2 State how peace is symbolised in the cartoon. (1×2) (2) 1.2.3  Using your own knowledge and evidence from the source explain why it was important for the ANC to suspend the armed struggle. (2×2) (4)        Refer to Source 1C   1.3.1  According to the source, which political organisation had been supported and promoted by the government? (1×2)  (2)  1.3.2  Using your own knowledge and evidence from the source explain the rationale (set of reasons) behind the strategy on creating black-on-black violence. (2×2) (4)  1.4.1  Refer to Source 1A and 1C. Using evidence from both sources, explain how Mandela’s suspicions were true. (2×2) (4)        Use Source 1D   1.5.1  Which event effectively served as the end of negotiations between the ANC and the NP? (1×2) (2)  1.5.2  Quote a line form the source which explains who Mandela felt was to blame for the loss of life at the Bisho Massacre (1×2) (2)  1.5.3 Based on the agreements made between the ANC and the NP when they signed the Record of Understanding, explain using your own knowledge and evidence from the source whether the NP would still support their ally in creating ‘black-on-black’ violence. (2×2) (4) 1.5.4 Consider the quote: “The government finally agreed to accept a single, elected constitutional assembly, which would adopt a new constitution and serve as a transitional legislature for the new government.” In your own words explain the importance of this quote with regards to the negotiations moving forwards from that point onwards. (2×2) (4)       1.6 Using information from the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about TEN to FIFTEEN lines (about 100 words) explaining how political leadership and compromise was needed to overcome the upsurge of violence during the negotiating period.                                 (8)     Total   

TYPE YOUR ANSWER TO ESSAY QUESTION 2 HERE

Match the following sentences with the appropriate words. Note each word can only be used once. Three words are not needed. Word List: assume   authoritative   consideration   desperately   ecosystem   emerge   foliage   helpless   layer   manage to   manipulate   manners   shrug

INSTRUCTIONS 1. This paper consists of TWO SECTIONS: Section A: Source-based Question QUESTION 1: Road to Democracy: The negotiated settlement and the Government of National Unity (50 marks) (COMPULSORY)   Section B: Essay Question QUESTION 2: Civil Resistance in South Africa: The challenge of Black Consciousness to the apartheid state (50 marks) QUESTION 3: Road to Democracy: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (50 marks) QUESTION 4: The end of the Cold War (50 marks)   2. You must answer either: ONE source-based AND TWO essays 3. You are advised to spend ONE hour per question. 4. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight. 5. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers. 6. You must TYPE your answers 7. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in the questions. 8. Leave a line after each answer. 9. Any evidence of cheating/plagiarism will result in a mark of zero.

TYPE YOUR ANSWER TO ESSAY QUESTION 4 HERE

Reading Comprehension: Read the article below and answer the questions that follow. Tropical Rainforests  Introduction       Tropical rainforests are found in areas near the equator in many parts of the world, particularly in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The largest rainforest is in the Amazon Basin in South America. These areas are warm and wet, with heavy rainfall all year round.       Rainforests perform a vital service for the earth. They absorb vast quantities of carbon and release oxygen, which helps to keep the atmosphere of the earth in balance. They also help regulate rainfall, preventing drought. Finally, the rainforests are home to an amazing diversity of animals and plants. Biodiversity       Although tropical rainforests cover only about two percent of the world’s landmass, more than half of the world’s plant and animal species live there, and thousands—maybe millions—more are undiscovered. Four square miles of rainforest might contain as many as 1,500 flowering plants, 750 species of trees, 400 species of birds, and 150 species of butterflies. A single bush may have more species of ants than in the entire British Isles.       Because the plants grow close together and are constantly threatened by predators, they have adapted by making chemicals that fight disease. As many as a quarter of the world’s medicines are made from plants that grow in the rainforest, and approximately 70 percent of anticancer drugs come from rainforest plants. Five Layers of Growth       A tropical rainforest contains five distinct layers. Each layer is its own ecosystem and has its own particular plants and animals.       The emergent layer is the highest part of the rainforest. It consists of the tallest trees, which grow tall above the forest and manage to withstand the heat of the sun and the wind.       The next layer is the rainforest canopy, so called because the foliage of the trees, which grow close together, forms a sort of canopy, or umbrella, over the area below, keeping it at the same temperature and humidity. The canopy supports the greatest diversity of plants and animals. Some of the plants at this layer are not rooted in the ground but grow on the trees. Others are vines that climb up the trees.       The canopy reduces the amount of light reaching the plants below, so the layers of growth below the canopy consist of smaller trees that reach about 75 feet in height, with wider gaps between them. This is called the understory layer.       At ground level is the shrub layer, consisting of a tangle of shrubs and plants that grow to about 5-20 feet.  Many of these plants have large leaves to help them make the most of the light that is available.       The final layer is the forest floor. Little light can penetrate there. Because of the humidity, plants rot quickly, and giant fungi grow on the fallen trunks of trees. Amazing Animals       Spider monkeys inhabit the emergent layer of the tropical rainforests of central and South America. They spend much of their time in the treetops, swinging from branch to branch, and grabbing branches and tree limbs with their strong fingers, toes, and tails. They screech loudly as they work their way among the treetops in search of food.       Another well-known animal of the South American rainforest is the colorful toucan. Toucans live in tree holes in the rainforest canopy and use their large yellow bills to catch food. Like the spider monkeys, toucans are noisy inhabitants of the rainforest, where they can live up to twenty years. They eat fruit, lizards, young birds, and insects.       At lower levels of the rainforest you will find red-eyed tree frogs. Well-known for their neon green bodies, bright yellow legs and red eyes, these amphibians live in the rainforest canopy, where they catch crickets, flies, and moths. Scientists believe that the frogs’ vibrant colors help to protect them. The flash of color startles predators and gives the tree frog time to leap to safety. An Endangered Ecosystem       Our tropical rainforests are being destroyed by deforestation and logging, and huge areas of rainforest are still being lost. If the rainforests disappear, many of the animals and plants that are at home there could be lost forever. The effect on the world’s climate could be irreversible. It is desperately important to act now to preserve the rainforests that still remain along with the millions of species that live there.