Your research team is working on a pluripotent cell line 3T3…

Your research team is working on a pluripotent cell line 3T3L1 that was previously modified by CRISPR. The cells, over time, can differentiate into special tissue types after certain inducing treatment. In your experiment, you did the inducing treatment on Day1 (d1) and collected the sample on Day8 (d8). You conducted Northern blotting, looking at a gene called PPAR. All the samples in the right panel were taken from the same mouse. You also included 18S rRNA as a positive control. The gel result is shown as a separate  gel with the opposite coloring scheme (dark background, bright band). When designing a detecting probe in a Northern blot, what is the most critical characteristic the probe must possess? 

Siegfried, quite literally, wrote the book on dealing with a…

Siegfried, quite literally, wrote the book on dealing with academic stress/overload. In his work titled Burnout: A Quick Fire, he details many of his experiences both attending and tutoring at the University of Florida, utilizing anecdotes to make suggestions on how to survive as a scholar. Doing battle for many years against some of the most rigid and time-consuming curriculums the school has to offer, his work has become iconic on campus, often seen just about everywhere in its well-known blue pages. Having recently retired from tutoring to focus on his own career, Siegfried was able to make time to submit a copyright for his book which was approved. Being the sole owner and distributor of his work, Siegfried has not licensed with any vendors to sell his book. However, his former employer (arguing that Siegfried had written some of the book on company time even though he had been reprimanded for neglecting his normal duties to do so) has seen fit to sell copies of Siegfried’s book that they produced from a singular copy they had purchased (and proceeded to mass reproduce using their industrial copy machines). Under which of the following elements of copyright would Siegfried’s former employer be permitted to do this given the current circumstances?