A 65-year-old female is admitted with complaints of shortnes…

A 65-year-old female is admitted with complaints of shortness of breath. Shortly after, she requires emergency intubation secondary to hypoxia. Her initial blood pressure was 220/140 mmHg. Chest x-ray shows pulmonary edema. A bedside echocardiogram shows preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function with hyperdynamic LV. You make a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency with flash pulmonary edema.  How do you treat the condition?

An NP is called to assess a 76-year-old female patient who h…

An NP is called to assess a 76-year-old female patient who has a known history of systolic heart failure. The patient is being admitted to the hospital with complaints of couch orthopnea and declining activity tolerance. Oxygen saturations are lower than her usual baseline and a chest x-ray demonstrates pulmonary venous hypertension.  Which is the initial intervention in the treatment of this patient?