Patients who are critically ill or immobile are at high risk for pressure injury and impaired skin integrity. Which interventions help to identify and/or prevent injuries from occurring?

A 49‑year‑old woman with a strong family history of colorectal cancer meets with you for risk‑reduction counseling. You review her diet and recommend increasing intake of foods rich in polyphenols, including berries, leafy greens, green tea, cruciferous vegetables, and legumes. Two months later, she returns and states she has made the dietary changes, but she still doesn’t understand how these foods can impact cancer risk. Which explanation best describes how her new diet exerts cellular anti‑cancer effects?

A 38‑year‑old with a rapidly enlarging thyroid nodule has a point mutation converting a proto‑oncogene to an oncogene. Which of the following would be the effect of this mutation on the cell?

A 68‑year‑old’s renal mass demonstrates extensive hypoxia and high VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Which transcription factor drives this?

A 49‑year‑old with leukocytosis is diagnosed with CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). Which lesion underlies the disease? 

Which of the following is accurate regarding evidence-based screening for cancer practices in elders?

What is the lifetime probability of developing cancer for a patient residing in the US?

A breast cancer cell cluster in blood is coated with platelets. What is the physiological impact? 

A 55‑year‑old with breast cancer shows tumor cells down‑regulating MHC‑I. Which immune effector becomes most important?

 A patient is being treated a medication, trastuzumab, which is beneficial because it helps the NK‑cell CD16 bind to IgG‑coated tumor cells. What is this physiological process of the NK-cells called?