A patient is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest with contrast media. Which assessment findings would the nurse report to the health care provider before the patient goes for the CT? (Select all that apply.)

Scenario: A 48-year-old woman had a lumpectomy after being diagnosed with carcinoma in the left breast. She had her first chemotherapy treatment with cyclophosphamide 2 months ago. Today she is in the outpatient cancer treatment center for her sixth round of chemotherapy; radiation therapy is planned after the tenth chemotherapy treatment is completed. The nurse documents these findings as part of today’s admission assessment: Reports “feeling tired often.” “I have had diarrhea five or six times a day.” “I don’t have much of an appetite.” “I have noticed some blood in my urine, starting yesterday.” “My food doesn’t have any taste to it at all.” The patient has alopecia. Oral mucosa is inflamed with some ulcerations noted in the cheek areas. Vital signs: Temperature 100.5°F (38.1°C), Pulse 88, Respirations 12, blood pressure 118/72 The nurse recognizes that, based on the assessment data and patient’s history, the patient is currently at risk for complications, including __________, _________, and __________.

A postoperative patient following a thoracotomy reports incisional pain, has a poor cough effort, and exhibits scattered coarse crackles upon auscultation. The nurse knows these findings indicate a risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. After assessing the situation, which action should the nurse prioritize to improve the patient’s respiratory status?

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An otherwise healthy 25-year-old male arrived to the emergency department today with complaints of sudden shortness of breath and left-sided chest pain. A chest x-ray confirmed a spontaneous left-sided closed pneumothorax. A chest tube was inserted into his left midaxillary area in the emergency department and he was admitted and transported to a medical unit in the hospital. Currently he is alert, oriented, and anxious. He verbalized 6/10 pain using the pain intensity scale. Vital signs: Blood pressure=138/80 mm Hg, pulse = 115 bpm, respirations = 24 breaths per minute and shallow. Left-sided breath sounds are absent upon auscultation. Oxygen saturation is 91%. His chest tube is attached to a three-chamber wall suction chest drainage unit.

A patient with a possible pulmonary embolism reports chest pain and difficulty breathing. The nurse finds a heart rate of 142 beats/min, blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, and respirations of 42 breaths/min. Which action would the nurse take first?

A patient has a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and his cardiac rhythm is sinus bradycardia with 6 to 8 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per minute. The pattern that the nurse recognizes as the most characteristic of PVCs is:

During auscultation of the lungs, what would a nurse note when assessing a client with left-sided heart failure? 

An intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is being used for a patient who is in cardiogenic shock. Which data indicate to the nurse that the goals of treatment with the IABP are being met?

A patient diagnosed with terminal cancer expresses concern about undergoing aggressive treatments that are recommended by their physician, stating, “I just want to be comfortable and spend time with my family.” What is the nurse’s best action to advocate for this patient?