You are asked to evaluate a 76-year-old male patient who presents complaining of urinary incontinence.  The patient states that he is experiencing urinary frequency, nocturia, decreased force of the urinary stream, and urinary dribbling after voiding.  A post-void residual (PVR) determination reveals that approximately 240cc of urine remains in the bladder after voiding.  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely underlying cause for this patient’s symptoms?

A 78-year-old male patient is diagnosed with delirium during his hospitalization.  He is frequently confused, and becomes agitated at times.  Which of the following interventions would be helpful in the management of this patient?

While working on a short-term rehabilitation unit, you are asked to evaluate an 82-year-old female who was recently hospitalized for pneumonia.  PMH is significant for HTN, Type II DM, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.  The patient is admitted to the rehabilitation unit with evidence of functional decline, weight loss, difficulty swallowing, and depression.  Recent mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score is consistent with malnourishment.  Which of the following antidepressant medications has proven effective in treating geriatric depression accompanied by weight loss and would be reasonable to initiate in this patient?

A 76-year-old female present for evaluation of excessive fatigue during the day, and the need for frequent afternoon naps.  She has a long history of insomnia symptoms and admits to taking “sleeping medicine” for fifty years.  Her daytime fatigue is a new symptom.  An age-related increase in which of the following parameters may account for a prolongation in the metabolism of the sleep medication prescribed for this patient?

A 68-year-old female with liver cancer, presents for evaluation of pain in her right knee.  She also has a PMH significant for osteoarthritis and recent GI bleed, and reports the knee pain has been increasing recently.  During an office visit two weeks ago, she was instructed to take Tylenol 500 mg po QID for pain relief.  Currently, she reports being in moderate constant pain, which is worsened with physical activities and interferes with her activities of daily living.  Which of the following medications is most appropriate for the management of the patient’s pain?

A 78-year-old woman presents for evaluation with a severe unilateral headache, jaw pain, and scalp tenderness. The patient states the headache is of a piercing quality; her jaw hurts only when she chews and feels better a few minutes after she stops chewing. Tenderness is present over the temporal artery on the same side as her headache, and prednisone is prescribed until the patient can see a specialist.  Which of the following reasons is the major justification for beginning treatment with corticosteroids in a patient with this condition?

You have been following a 68-year-old woman with a history of moderate obesity, osteoarthritis, and hypertension. While you are taking her history, she has a spasm of coughing and then suddenly excuses herself to use the rest room. When she returns, you ask if she has had any problems with her bladder such as a urinary tract infection. She denies it, but you note her apparent discomfort at the question, and wait a few moments before asking her if she is certain there are no problems. She then admits that she has been having urinary leakage at times. You ask if it is because she has a sudden urge to urinate and can’t get to a bathroom in time, or if it is just when she coughs. She confirms that it is only when she coughs, sneezes, or laughs. “It is usually not a lot of urine, and I just wear the pads to protect my clothes,” she says. You ask why she has not mentioned this before, and she states that she was too embarrassed and did not think there was anything to be done about it. During her physical exam, you note that there is mild vaginal atrophy and no stool in the rectal vault. There was approximately 30 cc of urine in the bladder, determined by bladder ultrasound after she voided. The urine dipstick was negative. She is hesitant about any invasive procedures.  Based on this information, which of the following interventions is most appropriate for this patient?

When assessing a 76-year-old male patient during a Geriatric Clinic follow up visit, you determine that his score on the FRAIL scale is 2.  Which of the following statements best describes the correct interpretation of this FRAIL scale score?

You are asked to evaluate a 76-year-old male patient who presents complaining of urinary incontinence.  The patient states that he is experiencing urinary frequency, nocturia, decreased force of the urinary stream, and urinary dribbling after voiding.  A post-void residual (PVR) determination reveals that approximately 240cc of urine remains in the bladder after voiding.  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely underlying cause for this patient’s symptoms?

A 78-year-old male patient is diagnosed with delirium during his hospitalization.  He is frequently confused, and becomes agitated at times.  Which of the following interventions would be helpful in the management of this patient?