Recognizing the unpopularity of the Cold War proxy conflict, Richard Nixon instituted a policy called when he took office. The idea was to train and arm the local armed forces and gradually withdraw American troops. Nixon called this “Peace with Honor.” It would be, however, an additional six years before the last American troops were withdrawn from the country.

In 1960, a non-violent protest to desegregate a Woolworth’s store became known as . Led by young college students, this protest was quite typical of the type of social action taken by America’s youth during the decade.

Part 3 Essay Question : Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability.Choose ONE (1) of the following options:Trace the United States’ presidential responses to the Cold War from 1946-1989. List the presidential administrations during this time and describe each president’s foreign policy in regards to the Cold War and the ideological battle against communism. Which presidents were hardline Cold Warriors? Which presidents sought to ease tensions with the U.S.S.R.? Be sure to include specific examples or policies that support your answers.Trace the fracturing of the Democratic Party during the 1960s. What was the New Left? What were its goals and who did that group see as their opposition? What was the Counterculture and how did it represent a radical break from the values and traditions of the elder generation? What were the goals of the Counterculture movement? What various forms did it take? How did the fracturing of the Democratic Party lead to the rise of a new conservatism?Trace the efforts of investigative journalists such as Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein in terms of exposing the political corruption of the Nixon White House. Compare the real history of the Washington Post’s exposure of the Watergate scandal with the dramatic depiction of the event in All the President’s Men. How did these journalists investigate the corruption and what did they risk by doing so? What was the fallout of their journalistic investigation? What role does the media have in terms of keeping the three branches of government in check?

Involved in the Teapot Dome Bribery Scandal and other forms of malfeasance, was an example of the incredible political corruption of Warren G. Harding’s presidential administration.

was the United States’ top-secret, expensive, and ambitious attempt to develop an atomic bomb before the Germans during WWII. Secret labs in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Los Alamos, New Mexico, and other locations succeeded in refining uranium and plutonium. An atomic bomb (Trinity) was successfully detonated in July of 1945 under the supervision of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Two additional bombs would be used against Japan to hasten the end of the war.

Developed in 1948, America’s Cold War foreign policy and response to the spread of communism was known as . This policy equated communism to a virus that must be quarantined. The policy called for military action, if necessary, to arrest the spread of communism and to limit the ideology to countries where it existed.

During the Cold War, President Dwight D. Eisenhower adopted a shift in national security policy called . Eisenhower understood that the massive size of the communist armies in China and the Soviet Union meant that a conventional war against those powers would undermine the very way of life in America and would be costly in terms of the U.S. economy and traditions. He also understood that attempting to match those forces with a conventional military would lead to heavy military spending at the cost of domestic development. Therefore, he and his Secretary of State pursued this policy shift to place greater reliance on nuclear weapons as a deterrent and on covert options by spy services like the CIA and other counterinsurgency efforts. During his presidency the United States expanded its nuclear arsenal and used the CIA to topple foreign governments and to install pro-American regimes.

Part of “America’s Finest Hour,” provided $12 billion in aid to Europe and helped rebuild the continent (including Germany and Italy) following World War II. It was a brilliant piece of foreign policy, as it helped avoid the economic pitfall that developed in the aftermath of the previous world war while increasing American goodwill abroad. America’s foes during WWII (like Germany) quickly developed into American allies as a result of the program. Alarmed by the positive reception the United States was receiving in Europe, the Soviet Union attempted to undermine this policy with the Berlin Blockade.

Angel Island, El Paso, and Ellis Island are all examples of .

Part 2 Short Identification Questions (IDs):A short answer ID should briefly address the basic journalistic questions: who or what, when, where, and why. Each answer should be at least 4-5 sentences long. Be sure to discuss the significance. Write an answer for FIVE (5) of the following, even if you must guess somewhat (partial credit is better than none):The American Family on TelevisionThe Battle of BritainThe Battle of the Atlantic”A Chance for Peace”Executive Order 9066HUACThe Interstate Highway SystemThe Kitchen DebateMADWhite Flight