(04.02 LC)Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus, that can negatively affect prenatal development?

(04.03 MC)Simone has been competing as a gymnast for 20 years. When a new skill was proposed by her coach, she felt confident in her ability to learn and perform the skill. By using her current skill set and accepting the coaching of others, she can master the new skill with ease. Which concept is reflected in this scenario?

(04.02 MC)A researcher has identified a correlation between maternal exposure to teratogens and fetal birth defects. Which of the three categories below describe most teratogens?

(04.05 LC)Dr. Nguyen is researching how changes in local policies and community resources affect children’s development. She is interested in how these external factors influence the children’s immediate environments. Which system from the ecological systems theory is Dr. Nguyen focusing on?

(04.04 LC)Which of the following is the smallest unit of meaning in a language?

(04.05 LC)Dr. Lee is analyzing how the societal values and cultural norms within a country shape children’s development. Which system from the ecological systems theory is Dr. Lee studying?

(04.04 MC)To investigate patterns of overgeneralization in children, researchers studied 50 children who were three to seven years old. In their first task, the children were shown images and asked to describe the action of the picture. The second task was a period of free play. During both tasks, researchers noted how many times the children demonstrated overgeneralization (ex. “goed” instead of “went”). The data showed that the number of errors decreased as the age of the child increased. To observe authentic free play between the children, which research method would be the most appropriate?

(04.04 MC)Dr. Martinez observed a group of four-year-old children who are learning Spanish, a language with grammatical gender. During her observations, she notices that some children consistently use feminine articles (e.g., “la”) for all nouns, regardless of whether the nouns are masculine or feminine.Which of the following research methods would best help Dr. Martinez impact of modeling on the extent and nature of overgeneralization in grammatical gender among children?

(02.07 MC)In a study researching the impact of physical touch on emotional responses, participants were randomly assigned to either a group that received gentle touch on the forearm or a control group that did not receive any tactile stimulation. After the experiment, participants were asked to rate their feelings of stress and anxiety on a scale from 1 to 10. What aspect of the sense of touch is this study primarily exploring?

(04.03 MC)Max can easily play his scales on his clarinet. However, the band director has given him an advanced piece of music to learn next. The advanced piece is too hard, and Max is frustrated. Which concept is reflected in this scenario?