Von Thünen’s model relied on assumptions made in the early 20th century.

During the Dial test, you observe excessive ER of the R LE by 15 degrees relative to the L LE at 30 degrees of knee flexion, but not at 90 degrees of knee flexion.  What injury is this special test finding suggestive of?

What do the priest and the other people tell Oedipus at the beginning of Oedipus Tyrannos ?

A Thousand and One Nights ends with a tragic tale; both of the sisters betray their husbands and rule by themselves, thus proving that women are indeed devious.

The patient is a 43-year-old man who works in a factory where he is responsible for operating a drill press and lifting heavy (25kg) cases of metal plates over his head several times throughout the day. He presents with a chief complaint of chronic low back pain that ranges from 3/10 at rest to 9/10 at the end of the day. He denies lower limb pain; he also denies lower limb numbness or muscle weakness. His symptoms began several years ago when he tried to stop a pallet of metal plates from falling off a truck. He felt a tearing sensation in his back and indicates that it has not been “right” since that time. He has had several periods of lost work time due to low back pain and has currently been out of work on a worker’s compensation claim for one month. This patient has had 2 lumbar magnetic resonance imaging examinations that revealed mildly degenerative, bulging disks at L4-5 and L5-S1. His previous physical therapy treatment has been centered on pain control approaches using moist heat and ultrasound. He indicates that he was instructed in the performance of sit-up exercises but stopped doing them after a couple of days because they increased his pain. He has avoided physical activity and exercise since that time.   What components of the patient’s history suggest the presence of yellow flags?

A 38 y/o male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of heel cord pain, which worsens with running. He reports onset of symptoms was about 4 months ago around the time he increased his training level for an upcoming marathon he is competing in.  Clinical presentation at initial evaluation reveals the absence of observable increase in swelling, redness, or warmth.  According to the Achilles Pain, Stiffness, and Muscle Power Deficits: Midportion Achilles Tendinopahty Clinical Practice Guidelines:   Which of the following statements is TRUE, in regards to the Tendon changes associated with the pathological process of midsubstance Achilles Tendinopathy?

Magnitude of change for an individual patient is much greater than the clinically important difference between two groups of patients, such as comparison done in clinical trials.

Prognosis and Plan of CareClinical examination and additional historical information confirmed the suspicion of intra‐articular involvement. The patient is deemed appropriate to treat with physical therapy interventions.Due to time‐constraints, an initial home program was provided based upon impairments observedduring examination. The patient was instructed to perform the exercises daily or every other day astolerated for 1 week, before following up in clinic to begin a more involved course of clinical and home‐based physical therapy.   InterventionNon‐weight bearing exercises to strengthen the hip extensor and abductor muscles wereprescribed and performed in clinic to confirm therapeutic tolerance. Flexibility exercises for thehamstring muscles were taught, using the popliteal angle position. Patient education was provided forpostural recommendations and joint unloading strategies to be utilized during acute symptom episodes.   What is the most appropriate intervention to initiate to decrease stiffness and improve passiveand active hip flexion and internal rotation ROM?  

The exercise that most selectively and effectively activates the tibialis posterior is:

The patient is a 43-year-old man who works in a factory where he is responsible for operating a drill press and lifting heavy (25kg) cases of metal plates over his head several times throughout the day. He presents with a chief complaint of chronic low back pain that ranges from 3/10 at rest to 9/10 at the end of the day. He denies lower limb pain; he also denies lower limb numbness or muscle weakness. His symptoms began several years ago when he tried to stop a pallet of metal plates from falling off a truck. He felt a tearing sensation in his back and indicates that it has not been “right” since that time. He has had several periods of lost work time due to low back pain and has currently been out of work on a worker’s compensation claim for one month. This patient has had 2 lumbar magnetic resonance imaging examinations that revealed mildly degenerative, bulging disks at L4-5 and L5-S1. His previous physical therapy treatment has been centered on pain control approaches using moist heat and ultrasound. He indicates that he was instructed in the performance of sit-up exercises but stopped doing them after a couple of days because they increased his pain. He has avoided physical activity and exercise since that time. During your physical examination of this patient you note that, surprisingly, he has full range of motion of his lumbar spine and lower extremities. However, he has great difficulty controlling the position of his spine and pelvis when trying to perform a simulated lift that is similar to his job requirements. This task also increases his pain intensity but does not cause it to peripheralize. Given only this currently obtained information, which of the treatment approaches listed below is most supported by the literature?