Free Response 1: Describe the signaling cascade that occurs in a rod cell in both darkness and light. Start your description at the point the photon hits or does not hit a retinal molecule and finish with the excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell

Page 10: 46. Which of the following detects rotational dynamic equilibrium? 47. Molecules that simulate olfactory receptors are called 48. Where would you find an otolith? 49. Which of the following is not a primary taste? 50. Which of the following is not a description of an autonomic affect?  

Page 1: 1. Which of the following breaks down old bone matrix? 2. Which of the follow is a bone cell that is capable of mitosis and differentiates into other bone cells? 3. Action of which cell would directly decrease the concentration of calcium in the blood? 4. Which of the following is a hollow tube filled with blood vessels that runs perpendicular to the periosteum and connects osteons to one another? 5. interstitial Lamellae are

Page 3: 11. Which type of ganglia belong to the parasympathetic nervous system? 12. The parasympathetic fibers that innervate the thoracic and abdominal cavities leave the CNS via which nerve or nerves? 13. A cholinergic receptor is one that is activated by 14. What neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons (with the exception of those synapsing with sweat glands)? 15. preganglionic neurons and somatic motor neurons are

Page 8: 36. Lacrimal glands produce 37. Pressure waves in the air are converted to vibrations in the auditory ossicles by the 38. Ultimately sound is converted into a nervous impulses by 39. The function of the ciliary muscle is to 40. The structure that is associated with equilibrium is

Free Response 3: Describe all possible paths sympathetic preganglionic neurons can take to reach their post-synaptic cell, and all possible paths post ganglionic neurons can take to their effector cells. 

Page 5:  21. What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to chapter 15? 22. Production of sweat from the skin of the face involves  23.  Which division of the nervous system is referred to as fight or flight? 24. The effect of autonomic innervation on an effector tissue 25. Olfaction is

Page 3: 11. Which type of ganglia belong to the sympathetic nervous system? 12. The parasympathetic fibers that form pathways innervating the eye leave the CNS via which nerve or nerves? 13. An adrenergic receptor is one that is activated by 14. What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 15. preganglionic neurons and somatic motor neurons are

Page 4: 16. The hollow spaces between lamellae in which osteocytes are found are called 17. Which of the following is a fibrous joint? 18. A diarthrosis is a 19 The inner layer of an articular capsule is the 20. What substance is typically found inside of the articular capsule?

Page 6: 26. Olfactory receptors are located 27. Smell sensations take which pathway to the CNS? 28. salt receptors are stimulated mostly by 29. Which path do nervous impulses for taste take? 30. The white, opaque portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye is the