Reinforced concrete is not elastic and has a compressive strength that is much lower than its tensile strength.

ACI 318-14 Section 25.7.2.1 specifies that ties shall have a center-to-center spacing of at least (3/4)dagg.

When designing columns, it is often more desirable to use symmetrical reinforcement.

The minimum number of bars in a _______ column is six.

Compute the axial compressive strength Pn and moment capacity Mn of the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003. Note that you should not include φ in the answer and that you should not consider Pn,max.b = 14 in.h = 22 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 7Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 5,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Compute the axial compressive strength Pn and moment capacity Mn of the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003. Note that you should not include φ in the answer and that you should not consider Pn,max.b = 16 in.h = 20 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 4,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 60,000 psi

Spiral columns have a strength-reduction factor, φ, of _____, while tied columns have a value of _____.

A common example of a column supporting axial forces and bending about one axis is a corner column in a frame.

Tied columns have higher ductility giving less warning before a failure.

The strength-reduction factor of a compression-controlled tied column is 0.65, while a spiral column is _____.