________ return is weighted average of what an investor expects to earn in the future and ________ return is a historical return measure of what has been earned in the past.

The theory of the time value of money refers to the fact that

A stock that is more risky than the market will have a beta of ________. A stock that is less risky than the market will have a beta of ________.

NPV states to accept a project if ______ and reject a project if ______. 

Solve EITHER “A” or “B”. Make sure to indicate which problem you are solving……i.e. “A” or “B”! Option A: Guru Tech Inc. has stock that just paid a dividend of $10. This firm’s beta is estimated to be 1.2. Due to the firm’s maturity, its growth is estimated to be 8%. If the S&P 500 is currently returning 12% and Treasury bonds are returning 2%, what is this firm’s after-tax cost of equity? Assume a tax rate of 40%. (2) —————————————————————-OR—————————————————————————————— Option B: Houston Technology’s beta is estimated to be 1.4. The firm’s stock is expected to pay a dividend of $5 at the end of this year and is currently selling for $65. The S&P 500 is currently returning 14%. If the firm expects constant growth in the future of 8%, what is the firm’s after-tax cost of equity? Assume a tax rate of 40%. (2)

The value of a current cash flow in the future is its ______ and is found by the process of ______

An investor typically demands a return due to _______ and also due to _______.

Agency problems occur between

The value of a future cash flow today is its ______ and is found by the process of ______

What is the purpose of the ‘passwd’ command in Unix?