Briefly indicate why deletion of the CDKN2A gene locus is so detrimental to cell cycle control.

Because normal stem cells are rare and divide infrequently, tumor-initiating driver mutations are thought to strike initially within this population of cells.

Match each step in metastasis with the most appropriate description.

Why are MMPs important for malignant cell invasion ( i.e. What is their mode of action)?

Match each indicated syndrome/cancer with the most likely defective biological process.

Which of the following contributes to cancer cell organotropism?

Peak migratory ability is found in cancer cells in the state, while peak tumor initiating potential is found in cancer cells in the state.

Which of the following lines of evidence would NOT support the conclusion that stem cells are the actual targets of mutagens?

Name three endogenous biochemical events that can result in DNA damage.

The Constitution says that federal laws will preempt state laws if there is a conflict between them. This rule is known as the ________________.