The nurse is performing an otoscopic examination on an adult patient.  Arrange the steps in the correct order   

Consider respiration, one of the most common chemical reactions on earth. C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy How many moles of carbon dioxide will be formed from 18 moles of oxygen

Matching: Match the head injury condition to its correct description or key characteristics.

Scenario:You and your partner are dispatched to a motor vehicle collision (MVC) involving a 55-year-old male driver. Upon arrival, you find the patient slumped in his seat with a significant deformity to the windshield and dashboard, suggesting a high-speed impact. There is no obvious external bleeding, but the patient appears to have suffered a head injury.The patient is unconscious, with no response to verbal or painful stimuli. His breathing is irregular, with deep, labored breaths, and he has a slow heart rate of 44 bpm. Blood pressure is 190/60 mmHg, and his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 6. You also notice that his pupils are unequal, and his arms and legs exhibit decerebrate posturing.Given the nature of the accident and the patient’s declining status, you quickly initiate spinal precautions and begin managing the airway, recognizing that the patient is showing signs of Cushing’s triad. You secure the patient on a backboard and place him in a semi-Fowler’s position (head elevated at 30 degrees). Oxygen is applied via a non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM to maximize oxygenation.During transport, you continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs and respiratory status. The patient’s condition remains critical, with continued irregular breathing and bradycardia. You ensure rapid transport to the nearest trauma center, providing the receiving team with a full report, including the signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and the prehospital interventions provided.Post-scene Phase QuestionDuring the hospital handoff, the physician asks about any interventions to control ICP during transport. Which intervention would be most relevant to mention?

Scenario: You and your partner are dispatched to a rural area for a 30-year-old male who fell from a height of approximately 20 feet while working on a construction site. Upon arrival, the patient is found lying supine on the ground, unable to move his legs. He reports severe neck pain, and you note that he has no sensation or motor function below the waist. He also mentions tingling in his arms and difficulty breathing.The patient appears pale and is breathing rapidly. His vital signs are as follows:Blood pressure: 88/56 mmHgPulse: 56 bpmRespirations: 24 breaths per minuteGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 15 (fully alert)The mechanism of injury (fall from a height) suggests the possibility of spinal cord injury. Your initial assessment reveals suspected neurogenic shock, with hypotension and bradycardia. You quickly stabilize the patient, apply a cervical collar, and use a backboard with spinal immobilization. Oxygen is applied via non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM.As you prepare for transport, the patient’s condition remains stable but concerning, and you suspect a thoracic spinal cord injury due to the loss of motor function in the legs and upper extremity weakness. You initiate IV fluids cautiously to address hypotension.En-Route Phase QuestionWhile en route, the patient begins to complain of difficulty breathing. What is the most appropriate intervention at this time?

Scenario:You and your partner are dispatched to a motor vehicle collision (MVC) involving a 55-year-old male driver. Upon arrival, you find the patient slumped in his seat with a significant deformity to the windshield and dashboard, suggesting a high-speed impact. There is no obvious external bleeding, but the patient appears to have suffered a head injury.The patient is unconscious, with no response to verbal or painful stimuli. His breathing is irregular, with deep, labored breaths, and he has a slow heart rate of 44 bpm. Blood pressure is 190/60 mmHg, and his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 6. You also notice that his pupils are unequal, and his arms and legs exhibit decerebrate posturing.Given the nature of the accident and the patient’s declining status, you quickly initiate spinal precautions and begin managing the airway, recognizing that the patient is showing signs of Cushing’s triad. You secure the patient on a backboard and place him in a semi-Fowler’s position (head elevated at 30 degrees). Oxygen is applied via a non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM to maximize oxygenation.During transport, you continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs and respiratory status. The patient’s condition remains critical, with continued irregular breathing and bradycardia. You ensure rapid transport to the nearest trauma center, providing the receiving team with a full report, including the signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and the prehospital interventions provided.Post-scene Phase QuestionAfter transferring care to the hospital, the receiving physician asks about the patient’s response to prehospital treatments. Which of the following would be important information to report regarding signs of increased ICP?

Scenario: You and your partner are dispatched to a rural area for a 30-year-old male who fell from a height of approximately 20 feet while working on a construction site. Upon arrival, the patient is found lying supine on the ground, unable to move his legs. He reports severe neck pain, and you note that he has no sensation or motor function below the waist. He also mentions tingling in his arms and difficulty breathing.The patient appears pale and is breathing rapidly. His vital signs are as follows:Blood pressure: 88/56 mmHgPulse: 56 bpmRespirations: 24 breaths per minuteGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 15 (fully alert)The mechanism of injury (fall from a height) suggests the possibility of spinal cord injury. Your initial assessment reveals suspected neurogenic shock, with hypotension and bradycardia. You quickly stabilize the patient, apply a cervical collar, and use a backboard with spinal immobilization. Oxygen is applied via non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM.As you prepare for transport, the patient’s condition remains stable but concerning, and you suspect a thoracic spinal cord injury due to the loss of motor function in the legs and upper extremity weakness. You initiate IV fluids cautiously to address hypotension.On-Scene Phase QuestionWhat is your first priority when arriving at the scene of a patient with a suspected spinal cord injury?

Scenario: You and your partner are dispatched to a rural area for a 30-year-old male who fell from a height of approximately 20 feet while working on a construction site. Upon arrival, the patient is found lying supine on the ground, unable to move his legs. He reports severe neck pain, and you note that he has no sensation or motor function below the waist. He also mentions tingling in his arms and difficulty breathing.The patient appears pale and is breathing rapidly. His vital signs are as follows:Blood pressure: 88/56 mmHgPulse: 56 bpmRespirations: 24 breaths per minuteGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 15 (fully alert)The mechanism of injury (fall from a height) suggests the possibility of spinal cord injury. Your initial assessment reveals suspected neurogenic shock, with hypotension and bradycardia. You quickly stabilize the patient, apply a cervical collar, and use a backboard with spinal immobilization. Oxygen is applied via non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM.As you prepare for transport, the patient’s condition remains stable but concerning, and you suspect a thoracic spinal cord injury due to the loss of motor function in the legs and upper extremity weakness. You initiate IV fluids cautiously to address hypotension.Post-Scene Phase QuestionAfter transferring care to the emergency department, the trauma physician asks for your report on spinal precautions. What important step would you include in your report?

A patient with a head injury is prescribed Dextrose 50% (D50) to treat suspected hypoglycemia. The physician orders 25 grams of dextrose to be administered IV. Dextrose 50% contains 50 grams of dextrose in every 100 mL. How many mL of Dextrose 50% should be administered to the patient?

Scenario:You and your partner are dispatched to a motor vehicle collision (MVC) involving a 55-year-old male driver. Upon arrival, you find the patient slumped in his seat with a significant deformity to the windshield and dashboard, suggesting a high-speed impact. There is no obvious external bleeding, but the patient appears to have suffered a head injury.The patient is unconscious, with no response to verbal or painful stimuli. His breathing is irregular, with deep, labored breaths, and he has a slow heart rate of 44 bpm. Blood pressure is 190/60 mmHg, and his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 6. You also notice that his pupils are unequal, and his arms and legs exhibit decerebrate posturing.Given the nature of the accident and the patient’s declining status, you quickly initiate spinal precautions and begin managing the airway, recognizing that the patient is showing signs of Cushing’s triad. You secure the patient on a backboard and place him in a semi-Fowler’s position (head elevated at 30 degrees). Oxygen is applied via a non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM to maximize oxygenation.During transport, you continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs and respiratory status. The patient’s condition remains critical, with continued irregular breathing and bradycardia. You ensure rapid transport to the nearest trauma center, providing the receiving team with a full report, including the signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and the prehospital interventions provided.Post-scene Phase QuestionUpon arrival at the hospital, the patient’s condition worsens, with continued signs of Cushing’s triad. What is the likely next step in the patient’s management?