A 58-year-old patient with newly diagnosed symptomatic HFrEF…

A 58-year-old patient with newly diagnosed symptomatic HFrEF (LVEF 28%) presents to clinic. They are currently stable, euvolemic, and have not yet been started on any heart failure medications. Blood pressure is 118/76 mm Hg, heart rate 82 bpm, and creatinine 1.1 mg/dL. Which regimen best reflects current guideline-directed foundational therapy for this patient?

A 72-year-old woman with known HFrEF (LVEF 30%) presents to…

A 72-year-old woman with known HFrEF (LVEF 30%) presents to the emergency department with worsening dyspnea over 3 days. Examination reveals bibasilar crackles, jugular venous distension to 12 cm, and 2+ pitting edema to the knees bilaterally. Blood pressure is 142/88 mm Hg and oxygen saturation is 91% on room air. What is the primary therapeutic role of loop diuretics in this clinical setting?