Earth’s greenhouse effect is primarily the consequence of atmospheric __________.

Ice is less dense than water because __________.

Latent heat is ____________.

Where a decrease in temperature with depth is responsible for the density increase with depth, the pycnocline is also a ___________.

Tsunamis at sea __________.

pH is a measure of ___________.

Coastlines of tectonically active regions may be characterized by __________.

Fresh water is most dense at a temperature of about __________.

The rapid decline in the populations of top predator species such as cod, marlin, swordfish, and halibut severely impacts marine ecosystems because _________.

Tropical cyclones form over the ocean and not continents because of the greater source of ____________ heat from the ocean than from continents.