Which of the following best describes the order of MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling?

Upregulation of telomerase, which prevents the loss of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes, is associated with which of the following “Hallmarks of Cancer”?

The monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab prevents angiogenesis by binding which of the following growth factors? 

Which of the following types of drugs would be expected to inhibit apoptosis?

A mutation in GAP which rendered it non-functional could produce cancer through overstimulation of the Ras-dependent Erk pathway.

CASE 4, Q2: Liver gluconeogenesis is affected this way due to…

Which of the following would be the best treatment course for a cat diagnosed with early stage Type II diabetes?

A defect in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase has severe consequences on which of the following?

CASE 4: (There will be 8 questions on this case) A canine patient presents with a history of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (frequent drinking) and vomiting. Physical findings include a > 5% dehydration, apparent disorientation and Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep breathing). Blood work reveals elevated blood glucose (> 300 mg/dL), severe ketoacidosis (very high ketone levels and acidosis) and non-detectable insulin levels. You make a diagnosis of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) secondary to type I diabetes. CASE 4, Q1: In this patient, liver gluconeogenesis is…

Coenzymes often contain vitamins.