The “endosymbiosis hypothesis” explains the in Eukaryotic evolution.  

Bilateral symmetry was a major evolutionary transition in the animal body plan that contributed to the Cambrian Explosion. What adaptive benefit did animals derive from evolving bilateral symmetry?

As humans spread around the world, they often adapted to local conditions, especially local diseases. One example is the evolution of greater resistance to the pathogen that causes malaria. The evolution of greater resistance to malaria has been observed in human populations from three regions (South America, Western Africa, and Southeast Asia). Recent genomic studies of these populations have identified several alleles related to malaria resistance that show evidence of selection based on SNP analysis. SNP is short for . What does it mean that these alleles show “evidence of selection”, from a genomic perspective?

One of the first commercially available genetically engineered drugs was Human Growth Hormone (HGH), which was used to treat human growth hormone deficiency. To produce HGH, genetic engineers modified the genome of the bacteria E. coli to express the HGH gene. To do this, scientists first had to create a DNA vector with a bacterial regulatory sequence and human coding sequence (insulin gene). This DNA vector, containing two genes from different organisms, is known as…

What evidence in living cells today suggests that RNA was the first self-replicating “information” molecule?

Processes in the thalamus are involved in cognitive judgments about pain, which contributes to the strong emotions often experienced during pain.

Developing immunity to diseases can be done by exposure, adapting or:

Fill in the missing words (8 marks)    Allergies  Allergies are the most widespread immune problem. They are a signal that the immune system is  by mistake. Most allergic reactions generally make the majority of people . They are common and usually not very .    Correctly spell the word for a more serious allergic reaction that affects the whole body:  reaction    To prevent allergies, the immune system can be built up by introducing small of the allergen to the body to make us less to them and to not to react too strongly. 

Write three of the positive steps to living a healthy lifestyle according to the speaker: (3 marks)

The job of the immune system is to protect our bodies against harmful germs.