The “Out-of-Africa” hypothesis—that the human species origin…

The “Out-of-Africa” hypothesis—that the human species originated in Africa and later spread around the world—makes several testable predictions about the distribution of human fossils and genetic variation. What result below would NOT support the “Out-of-Africa” hypothesis?

Prior to European colonization, tens of thousands of whoopin…

Prior to European colonization, tens of thousands of whooping cranes lived in North America. By 1938, due to overexploitation and habitat loss, whooping cranes were virtually extinct, with a total population of only 15 individuals. Since then, careful conservation efforts have increased the North American whooping crane population to over 800 today. From a genetic standpoint, as a result of this catastrophe, whooping cranes experienced a “population bottleneck”, which is a severe form of . The current population of whooping cranes should be expected to have , relative to the pre-colonial population.

A study on grooming among vervet monkeys has shown that indi…

A study on grooming among vervet monkeys has shown that individuals who groom other unrelated individuals are more likely to get a response from those they’ve groomed when they call for aid. This observation supports the hypothesis that this social behavior could have evolved by way of…