A state government signs a trade agreement with a foreign co…

A state government signs a trade agreement with a foreign country to export agricultural products directly, bypassing federal oversight. The federal government sues to block the deal, claiming it violates the Constitution. Which constitutional principle best supports the federal government’s position?

Facing a government shutdown deadline, Congress passes a mas…

Facing a government shutdown deadline, Congress passes a massive bill that includes funding for defense, education, agriculture, and unrelated tax provisions—many of which received little individual debate. Lawmakers are pressured to vote yes or risk halting government operations. What type of legislation is this, and what is one key criticism of its use?