Water-soluble hormones are inactivated and removed from the blood by the liver. 

If the sequence TCGCTA mutates to become TCGCAA, the T to A alteration is called a:

A tautomeric shift during replication most likely results in a:

Histone de-acetylation

For each of the E.coli strains shown below, indicate whether production of functional β-galactosidase is constitutive (enzyme is made all the time), inducible (enzyme is only made when lactose is present) or inactive (functional enzyme is not present under any condition).    Definitions: I+ : wild-type lac repressor I- : non-functional lac repressor Is : super-repressor that cannot be removed from the operator under any circumstances O+: wild-type operator OC: mutant operator that cannot be bound by any repressor (not even the super-repressor) Z+: wild-type gene for β-galactosidase Z- : mutant gene for β-galactosidase that produces a non-functional enzyme   Please watch your spelling!   Write inducible, constitutive or inactive in the boxes next to strain information.     plasmid I+ OC Z- / chromosome I- O+ Z+                 plasmid IS OC Z- / chromosome I- O+ Z+             plasmid I+ Oc Z+ / chromosome I+ O+ Z+            plasmid I+ O+ Z+ / chromosome I- O+ Z+           plasmid IS O+ Z- / chromosome I+ OC Z+     

RNA polymerases transcribe only parts of the DNA, but DNA polymerases copy all the DNA

Who am I? Use the most correct term from the list below to fill in the blanks. Not all terms will be used!    sigma factor, alpha factor, beta subunit, DnaA, terminator, TFIID, TFIIF, TFIIB, TFIIH, stop codon, mediator, RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, RNA polymerase III, connector, lac repressor, trp repressor, enhancer element, activator protein, response element, TATA box, Pribnow box, histone acetylase, histone deacetylase, histone methylase, protein kinase, snRNA, rho, effector, inducer, substrate   Please watch your spelling!   I bind a motif consisting of Ts and As in the promoter; in prokaryotes I am called and in eukaryotes .   I provide a connection between proteins bound to regulatory regions that are far apart:   I promote expression by binding an that is located at a large distance from the start of transcription, I am an .   One of my functions in eukaryotic transcription initiation is that of a helicase:   I am a small molecule that binds a transcription factor and thereby leads to activation or repression of gene expression:  

Questions 26-29. RNA polymerases DIFFER from DNA polymerases in that:

Both enzymes use the same nucleotide triphosphates as substrates

Questions 30-33. The following are chromatin modifications that REDUCE transcription: