Pretend you are scientist studying neurons that are growing in a culture dish. You use Fura-2 to measure the intracellular calcium concentration of these neurons. You measure the fluorescence intensity at Time 1 and obtain a ratio indicative of the red trace. Next, you puff a chemical onto the neurons. Immediately after the puff, at Time 2, you again measure the fluorescence intensity. At Time 2 you obtain a ratio indicative of the blue trace. How did the chemical puff affect the neurons? 

Which of the following algorithms is usually not implemented recursively?  

The figure below is a modified figure from the paper, “Optogenetics enables functional analysis of human embryonic stem cell-derived grafts in a Parkinson’s disease model”. Which two bars in the figure denote the behavior of “diseased” mice before dopamine cell transplantation?

Which of the following experiments can use random number generators?

Which of the following events has a probability of 1? 

For the simplest Quicksort algorithm, which of the following is the worst case?

Which of the following algorithms has a complexity of Q(n log(n)) in the worst case?

A probabilistic algorithm will always give a different answer when applied twice to the same problem.

The case where n = 0 sometimes represents the best-case complexity of an algorithm, where n is the size of the problem.  

What trend is observed in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?