What is a key theological difference between Sunni and Twelver Shia Islam regarding religious obligations?

According to traditional Twelver Shi’a doctrine, what was the primary role of religious scholars (ulama) during the occultation of the Twelfth Imam?

10 year old male with no PMH, vaccination up to date reports acute onset of left testicular pain that started 2 hours ago while playing baseball.  The child denies any known injury, but the pain has been constant with no alleviating factors.  Patient denies difficulty urinating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.  No recent illness as per parents.  On exam, the patient is moderate painful distress.  Left testicle with erythema, swelling and tenderness on palpation.  Right testicle appears normal and with no pain.  Penis with no deformities, lesions or tenderness.  Otherwise, exam is unremarkable.  VS: BP: 115/65 mmHg Rt arm sitting; HR:70 bpm, T: 98.6F oral, RR: 16 bpm unlabored. Please provide a reading for the following image: 1. Type of image, wiev2. Abnormal findings/description3. Other findings/normal findings if pertinent

35 year old female G2P2 with no PMH reports dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding.  The patient reports her menstruation is regular, but premenstrual and menstrual symptoms have worsened in the last few months.  The patient reports severe bloating before menstruation, menstrual cramps have become severe, and menstrual bleeding has become very heavy.  She reports she needs to change her pads every 2-3 hours due to soaking through.  LMP was 1 week ago.  On exam, patient is in no distress.  On pelvic exam: cervix is closed with no lesions, uterus non-tender, but slightly enlarged symmetrically; no adnexal masses, no pelvic motion tenderness.  Otherwise, exam is unremarkable.  VS: BP: 120/70 mmHg Rt arm sitting; HR:70 bpm, T: 98.6F oral, RR: 16 bpm unlabored. Please provide differential diagnosis for this presentation (list at least 5) AND what imaging would be indicated for this case.

The modern EMS system in the United States began in the:

For adequate function, cells must have an adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and:

The leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea is called the:

(HC)The passage below is an excerpt from leaflets dropped on Japanese cities after the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima: ecause of your leaders’ refusal to accept the surrender declaration that would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed our atomic bomb. The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military, has notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus, all powerful countries of the world are now at war with you. Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-leaflets/ What did the United States hope would result from this leaflet?

A 40 year old female with no PMH reports a palpable mass in her right breast.  Patient reports she palpated it about 1 week ago and since then the mass has become somewhat bigger and is now painful.  Patient denies any nipple change or changes.  Patient also denies fever, malaise or weight loss.  Menstrual periods have been regular, LMP 2 weeks ago.  On exam, the patient is in no distress.  Breast appear symmetric, no lesions or visible masses.  Nipples appear normal with no retractions or lesions, no nipple discharge.  About 2cm round, mobile palpable lesion in the right lateral breast at about 11 o’clock, about 3cm from the nipple.  Otherwise, exam is unremarkable.  VS: BP: 120/70 mmHg Rt arm sitting; HR:70 bpm, T: 98.6F oral, RR: 16 bpm unlabored. Please provide a reading for the following image (presume this is the right breast): 1. Type of image and view2. Description of abnormal findings 3. Other findings

If the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient’s minute volume?