We learned about different explanations for why aging (senescence) exists. Review the data from  study in fruit flies flies that we discussed in class. Select the prediction that this data refutes (proves false).

Imagine you are conducting a study on genetic and environmental effects on a trait. You place individuals of different genotypes in different environments, measure their phenotype, then plot it in the graph below. What can you conclude about these reaction norms?

Early analyses of molecular evolution found that rates of molecular change were constant (“clocklike”) and higher than expected under selection. How did Kimura’s Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution address these findings?

In this figure, we see that flies have 1 set of Hox genes and mice have four. What happened here?

Choose the structure of the following sentence:   The holidays are coming up, and since it will also be my birthday, I am going to really celebrate.  

Which of the following is important to understand about quoting a source?  

Choose which type of error this sentence contains; if it is correct, choose “O.K.”   Children need limits they respect adults who supply them.

How do archaeologists and physical anthropologists determine age based on skeletal remains? Describe AT LEAST TWO of the most reliable ways to determine age, examining both the benefits and limitations of your chosen methods.

Define ethnoarchaeology. How can it inform an archaeologist’s interpretations of past societies? In your discussion, include at least two examples of ethnoarchaeological studies.

Discuss the fundamental principles of tree-ring dating (dendrochronology). How do dendrochronologists obtain tree-ring samples? How do environmental conditions affect the formation of tree rings? After discussing how dendrochronology functions as an absolute dating technique, please also discuss the limitations of this method.