What grade of steel is typically used for longitudinal reinforcement in columns?

By definition, a column is a special case of a tension member that is vertical.

Spiral columns have higher ductility giving less warning before a failure.

The strength reduction factor of compression-controlled tied columns is _____.

Almost universally, an odd number of bars is used in rectangular columns, so that the column is symmetrical about the axis of bending.

When designing columns, it is often more desirable to use unsymmetrical reinforcement.

A common example of a column supporting axial forces and bending about two perpendicular axes is a corner column in a frame.

ACI 318-14 Table 20.6.1.3.1 requires a clear concrete cover to the ties and spirals in columns of not less than _______.

Determine the maximum axial strength φPn,max for the following circular tie column.Column diameter, h = 26 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 5,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 60,000 psi

Most compression members in concrete are only subjected to uniaxial loads.