Rosenthal and Jacobson conducted a study in an elementary sc…

Rosenthal and Jacobson conducted a study in an elementary school where they misinformed teachers about the intellectual potential of randomly selected students. They found that students identified as ‘growth spurters’ actually performed significantly better on an intellectual test at the end of the school year even though the selection of these students was random. Which of the following is the best possible explanation for this finding?

Stanley Milgram conducted a famous study where he led partic…

Stanley Milgram conducted a famous study where he led participants to believe that they were administering increasingly painful electric shocks to another ‘participant’ when that person answered a question incorrectly. The false information provided to participants is known as ______________.