Enroute Phase Scenario: The AEMT is dispatched to a local fitness center for a 58-year-old male who collapsed while using a treadmill. A bystander on scene reports that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. The time of the call is 1412. The response time is estimated at 8 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a fire department BLS engine crew is also en route. The patient is located inside the gym. It is a warm spring afternoon with moderate traffic in the area. The nearest hospital is 10 minutes away. Gym staff have been instructed to retrieve the on-site AED and bring it to the patient. OnScene Phase Scenario: The patient (approximately 80 kilograms) is found lying supine on the floor of a fitness center. The patient is unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing. A bystander began chest compressions approximately two minutes before EMS arrival. Gym staff report that the patient had been jogging on a treadmill before suddenly collapsing. The AED has just arrived on scene. The AEMT confirms absence of a carotid pulse and initiates resuscitation efforts. High-quality chest compressions are continued, and a bag-valve mask is connected to high-flow oxygen to begin ventilation. The AED is attached, and the initial rhythm analysis indicates ventricular fibrillation shock advised. No signs of trauma are present. The patient has no known allergies. The patient’s medical history and medications are currently unknown. Post Scene Phase Scenario:  The patient (approximately 80 kilograms) remains unconscious following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after 12 minutes of CPR and two defibrillation shocks. The patient’s skin is pale and cool, and there is no evidence of trauma. The advanced airway remains secured and in place, and the patient is ventilated with a bag-valve mask connected to high-flow oxygen. The carotid pulse is present at 84 beats per minute, and respirations are shallow at 8 breaths per minute. Pupils are 3 mm and reactive to light. The AEMT notes oxygen saturation at 89% with BVM ventilation. The patient is secured and prepared for transport. Vital signs are BP 106/70, P 84, R 8 (assisted), SpO₂ 89% on BVM, and T 98.6°F (37°C). No spontaneous movements or responses to verbal stimuli are observed.  What is the most appropriate immediate intervention for this patient’s current respiratory status? 

Enroute Phase Scenario:  The AEMT is dispatched to a dentist’s office for a 32-year-old male who is reported to be weak, dizzy, and slightly agitated. The call was received at 1015. The estimated response time is 9 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a BLS fire department engine crew is also en route. The patient is located inside the dental office. It is a cool spring morning with heavy rainfall in the area, and the temperature is 42°F (6°C). A small hospital is located 12 minutes from the scene, while the nearest comprehensive medical facility is 30 minutes away. If the patient’s condition worsens and becomes unstable, what would be the most appropriate transport destination? 

Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate to include in a radio report to the hospital when you are involved with a mass casualty incident?

Enroute Phase Scenario:  The AEMT is dispatched to a dentist’s office for a 32-year-old male who is reported to be weak, dizzy, and slightly agitated. The call was received at 1015. The estimated response time is 9 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a BLS fire department engine crew is also en route. The patient is located inside the dental office. It is a cool spring morning with heavy rainfall in the area, and the temperature is 42°F (6°C). A small hospital is located 12 minutes from the scene, while the nearest comprehensive medical facility is 30 minutes away.  OnScene Phase Scenario:  The patient (70 kilograms) is seated upright in a dental chair and appears visibly diaphoretic. The office staff states that the patient seemed confused upon arrival and has become increasingly irritable and slow to respond. The patient has a history of diabetes, seizures, and hyperlipidemia, and was instructed to fast after midnight for a scheduled dental procedure. The patient takes insulin, carbamazepine, hydrocodone/acetaminophen (for dental pain), and atorvastatin. The patient has no known allergies to medications. There are no signs of trauma, and the patient is able to follow simple commands. Eyes are open, and the pupils are 5 mm and reactive to light. The patient’s skin is diaphoretic. The vital signs are: blood pressure is 156/90 mmHg, pulse is 124 beats per minute, respirations are 10 per minute, SpO₂ is 95% on room air, temperature is 98°F (37°C), and the blood glucose is 47 mg/dL.  Based on the patient’s history and presentation, what is the most likely cause of his current condition? 

You are approaching a hazardous materials scene and observe victims lying motionless on the ground. What is the appropriate action to take to rescue them?

You are called to treat a patient who was tending to a bonfire when his shirt caught fire. Upon your arrival, your patient is alert and walking around with a torn and fire-singed shirt on. You remove the shirt and find the patient has partial-thickness (second-degree) burns to the front of his chest and abdomen and singed nasal hairs. What should you do next? Select all that apply

Enroute Phase Scenario: The AEMT is dispatched to a local fitness center for a 58-year-old male who collapsed while using a treadmill. A bystander on scene reports that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. The time of the call is 1412. The response time is estimated at 8 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a fire department BLS engine crew is also en route. The patient is located inside the gym. It is a warm spring afternoon with moderate traffic in the area. The nearest hospital is 10 minutes away. Gym staff have been instructed to retrieve the on-site AED and bring it to the patient. OnScene Phase Scenario: The patient (approximately 80 kilograms) is found lying supine on the floor of a fitness center. The patient is unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing. A bystander began chest compressions approximately two minutes before EMS arrival. Gym staff report that the patient had been jogging on a treadmill before suddenly collapsing. The AED has just arrived on scene. The AEMT confirms absence of a carotid pulse and initiates resuscitation efforts. High-quality chest compressions are continued, and a bag-valve mask is connected to high-flow oxygen to begin ventilation. The AED is attached, and the initial rhythm analysis indicates ventricular fibrillation shock advised. No signs of trauma are present. The patient has no known allergies. The patient’s medical history and medications are currently unknown.  What is the primary purpose of continuing CPR immediately after the defibrillation shock? 

Why do we administer nitroglycerin to a patient with chest pain?

Enroute Phase Scenario: The AEMT is dispatched to a 58-year-old male patient who is unresponsive in his home. The time of the call is 0800. The response time will be 10 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a BLS fire department engine crew is dispatched with the ambulance. The patient is located inside his bedroom. There is heavy rainfall in the response area. It is a hot summer morning, and the temperature is 95°F (35 °C). The nearest small hospital is 15 minutes away, and the nearest comprehensive facility is 30 minutes away.  Which of the following leadership roles should be considered enroute for this event?  

Enroute Phase Scenario: The AEMT is dispatched to a local fitness center for a 58-year-old male who collapsed while using a treadmill. A bystander on scene reports that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. The time of the call is 1412. The response time is estimated at 8 minutes. The AEMT is partnered with an EMT, and a fire department BLS engine crew is also en route. The patient is located inside the gym. It is a warm spring afternoon with moderate traffic in the area. The nearest hospital is 10 minutes away. Gym staff have been instructed to retrieve the on-site AED and bring it to the patient. What factor for this scene may allow for faster implementation of life-saving interventions than in other out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events?