In using self-defense or defending others, what type of force can a person use?

 Most vicarious liability cases involve which of the following?

When does the exception to the mere presence rule arise?

What did corporations historically rely on to assure compliance with the law?

The relationship between motive and intent is ________.

Proximate cause can be defined in terms of whether the defendant ________.

What protects speech guaranteed by the First Amendment by invalidating laws written so broadly that the fear of prosecution creates a “chilling effect” that discourages people from exercising that freedom?

The subjective test of entrapment concerns whether an officer ________.

Which of the following cannot be the basis of accomplice liability?

Dr. LaGuardia is a cognitive neuroscientist who is interested in the effect of brain concussions on the ability to recognize faces. He conducts a quasi-experimental study in which he examines football players before and after the regular season using the Benton Facial Recognition Test (a published, widely used measure of one’s ability to recognize faces) to compare those who received concussions to those who did not. He finds that players who had concussions during the regular season performed worse on the Benton Facial Recognition Test than did players who did not experience concussions. Which of the following makes Dr. LaGuardia’s quasi-experimental study different from a correlational study?