Bayer – Evasion & Subversion of Immune Defenses (A)  Provide five examples that compare and contrast the immune response to extracellular bacteria, intracellular bacteria, and viruses. (5 points) (B)  Pathogens employ strategies to evade or interfere with the host’s immune response, ultimately allowing them to establish and persist within the host. Briefly define three strategies that pathogens employ to evade the immune system. (3 points) (C)  Briefly describe an effective treatment strategy to stimulate a person’s immune system to produce strong immunity against a latent viral infection. (8 points) The immune response within the tumor microenvironment resembles either tumor elimination or tumor escape. (D)  In the elimination microenvironment, briefly define an immune cell type, their mode-of-action, and how the tumor itself plays a role in immune recognition. (3 points) (E)  In the escape microenvironment, briefly define an immune cell type, their mode-of-action and how the tumor itself plays a role in avoiding immune recognition. (3 points)

A section of DNA has the base sequence shown in #1. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence shown in #2. What type of mutation does this change represent (missense mutation, point mutation, silent mutation, or frameshift mutation? Support your answer by providing a brief definition of each of the types of mutations. #1   5′ – AGCGTTACCGT-3′      #2  5′-AGGCGTTACCGT-3′

Unloading one or more compressor cylinders in a variable-capacity, single-compressor system can only be done in a ____ compressor.

Briefly discuss the steps of initiation, elongation, and termination in Transcription.

Which of the following statements about compound refrigeration systems is not true?

The most common type of refrigerant control used in multiple-compressor systems is ____.

Which of the following statements regarding cascade refrigeration systems is not true?

The hot-gas bypass method of capacity control is mainly used for ____.

Which of the following terms best describes the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population?

The use of which of the following devices helps reduce patient dose?     1. use of high kVp     2. use of grids     3. use of high mAs