In the carbon regeneration stage of the Calvin-Benson-Bassha…

In the carbon regeneration stage of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, you learned that two variants exist to recycle 5 G3P back to 3 RuBP. The canonical CBB cycle depends on both SBPase and FBPase catalyzed steps for RuBP regeneration. The transaldolase cycle depends on only FBPase catalyzed step for RuBP regeneration. Please answer the following questions. Please draw out a third variant of the RuBP regeneration pathway that ONLLY depends on SBPase to drive the flux. (10 pts) Hint: only SBPase is used to drive flux so you should not involve the FBPase reaction to recyle 5 G3P back to 3 RuBP.  In this new cycle, which enzyme is not found/used in the canonical CBB carbon regeneration steps? (4 pts) Compared to the canonical regeneration cycle or even the transaldolase cycle, this third variant is seldom found in nature. What do you think is the limitation of this third variant? (4 pts) Note: please embed your picture/figure/drawing using the Rich Content Editor. Do not upload as a separate file. You can review the instructions for embedding images here.  

1. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a special ETC comp…

1. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a special ETC compared to other eukaryotes. Please complete the electron flow path using all the prosthetic groups in each protein complex and/or mobile electron carriers in the ETC, starting with NADH oxidation and ending with O2. (10 pts)       NADH –>  –> … –> –> O2 2. How many protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space per NADH oxidation? (2 pts) 3. What is the energy conservation efficiency of the ETC in the yeast, i.e., what percentage of energy in NADH is conserved to PMF by the yeast ETC? Please show your calculation. (9 pts) 4. What’s the energy efficiency of ATP synthesis, i.e., from PMF to ATP? Please show your calculations. (9 pts) Note: Calculate based on the actual ATP synthase of S. cerevisiae, i.e., its ATP synthase has 10 C subunits. Transfer phosphate into the mitochondrial matrix also requires 1 proton.

Reida has developed a program that is designed to increase t…

Reida has developed a program that is designed to increase the reading comprehension scores of sixth graders. She randomly selects three students to participate in her program. When she compares the mean score of the students who completed her program to that of three students who did not participate in the program, she finds no significant difference between the mean scores. What is most likely the reason for the nonsignificant finding?